Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gut disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. While we’re still figuring out the exact causes of IBS, researchers have made some exciting progress in understanding what factors contribute to its development. In this article, we’ll explore those factors in a way that’s easy to understand, and we’ll back it up with relevant studies.
Genetic Predisposition:
First up, let’s talk genetics. Turns out, your genes can play a significant role in IBS. Some studies have found that certain genetic variations make you more susceptible to developing IBS. For example, one study discovered that specific gene differences related to serotonin signalling pathways increase the risk of IBS. Another large-scale study found a bunch of genetic spots that are associated with IBS susceptibility.
Alterations in Gut Microbiota:
Now, let’s dive into the world of gut bacteria. Our intestines are home to a whole bunch of microorganisms, and they’re collectively called the gut microbiota. In people with IBS, the balance of these gut bugs can get out of whack, which we call dysbiosis. That means the good bacteria decrease, and the bad guys take over, messing with our gut function.
Research shows that changes in the gut microbiota can mess with things like gut motility (how fast things move through our intestines), gut-brain communication, and immune responses—all of which are connected to IBS. One study found that people with IBS have less diverse and different types of gut microbes compared to healthy folks. Another study found that a special diet that cuts down on certain carbohydrates that feed the bad bacteria can actually help ease IBS symptoms.
Abnormal Gut Motility:
Now, let’s talk about gut movement. In people with IBS, the muscles in the digestive tract don’t always behave as they should. This can cause symptoms like tummy pain, bloating, and unpredictable bathroom trips. Some folks with IBS have super-fast gut transit, leading to diarrhoea, while others have slow transit, causing constipation.
There are a bunch of things that can mess with gut motility in IBS. The enteric nervous system, which controls gut movement, can get thrown off balance. Plus, the neurotransmitters that control how the gut muscles contract can go haywire too. One study found that people with IBS have higher levels of serotonin (a neurotransmitter) in their guts, which can mess with muscle contractions.
Other Contributing Factors:
While genetics, gut bugs, and wonky gut movements are big players in IBS, there are other things to consider too:
1. Food Triggers: Some foods can set off IBS symptoms in certain people. Spicy stuff, caffeine, alcohol, and high-FODMAP foods (carbs that bad bacteria love) are common culprits. Cutting back on these foods, like in a low FODMAP diet, has been shown to reduce pain and bloating for many folks with IBS. If you’d like to look into changing your diet to help reduce your IBS symptoms, then start with our definitive guide to the low FODMAP diet.
2. Stress and Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, and other psychological factors can have a big impact on IBS symptoms. Turns out, the connection between our gut and brain is pretty powerful. Managing stress, trying cognitive-behavioural therapy, and practicing relaxation techniques can help ease symptoms. One study even showed how psychological factors can affect gut sensitivity in people with IBS, showing how closely our minds and guts are linked.